China successfully completed a pilot run for the first suspended magnetic levitation (maglev) train line powdered by rare earth element (REE) permanent magnets. 

The first phase of the “Red Rail” project underwent a trial run on an 800m line in Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, designed to reach a speed of 80km/h. While the operation of maglev trains is not a new phenomenon, this would be the first permanent maglev train lifted above ground, roughly 10m, by steel structures. Using REE permanent magnets, the system reportedly saves as much as 31% of the energy normally required to suspend trains. With the construction and operation of Phase II of Red Rail already greenlit, the system will later be tested over a 7.5km track that will allow a speed up to 120km/h to be achieved. 

In terms of REE consumption, both conventional wheel-rail and maglev trains use REEs for their onboard electronics. However, some maglevs differ by also using REEs in the form of permanent magnets (NdFeB or SmCo). While conventional trains travel against friction between the wheels and rails, magnetic levitation replaces the wheels, using a repulsive force between magnets to achieve levitation and reduce friction when moving. Levitation can be achieved through several methods ranging from electromagnetic systems to rare earth magnet-based systems, with the latter offering an increase in operational lifespan. Maglev trains have several advantages over wheel-rain trains. Due to the frictionless component of these systems, maglevs can reach higher speeds, are considered safer and provide a greener form of transportation by consuming less energy. 

Transportation is an essential facet of our lives and the backbone of national economies. Today, there is a growing need for modern transport systems to offer faster, safer, more efficient, and environmentally friendly developments. Taking this into account, maglev trains are among the contenders to meet the needs of this modern transportation transition. However, the biggest drawback facing this technology is the high cost of construction. Despite this, countries like China, Japan, and South Korea, have invested in maglev transportation with currently operating maglev lines. The long-term advantages of maglev transportation are becoming more apparent, with several other nations having projects in the pipeline. While it may take a long time for this technology to achieve widespread use, maglev technology certainly offers promise and a prominent opportunity for the REE industry.